In Europe, monastic writing rooms had a transparent division of labour that led to the design of books. A scholar versed in Greek and Latin headed the writing room and was liable for the editorial content, design, and production of books. Scribes educated in lettering kinds spent their days bent over writing tables, penning web page after web page of textual content. They indicated the place on web page layouts where illustrations were to be added after the textual content was written, utilizing a light sketch or a descriptive note jotted within the margin.

This entails the creation of the whole process of buying and integrating the product, including features of branding, design, usability, and function. The post-World War II American economy revealed a larger need for graphic design, primarily in advertising and packaging. The unfold of the German Bauhaus school of design to Chicago in 1937 brought a “mass-produced” …

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